Ephedra fragilis
Ephedra fragilis
Ephedra fragilis, commonly named the joint pine, is a species of Ephedra from the western Mediterranean region of southern Europe (Italy, Spain, and Portugal) and Northern Africa, and from Madeira and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic. Its habitats are rocky hills and stone walls, where it grows to 2m tall.
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Ephedra fragilis kz07Ephedra fragilis 3
Pollença - Ma-2210 - Cap de Formentor - Ephedra fragilis 07 ies
Ephedra fragilis kz03
Ephedra fragilis kz05Ephedra fragilis kz07Ephedra fragilis 3Overview
Ephedra fragilis is a plant species in the family Ephedraceae. GBIF holds 7,127 occurrence records across 35 countries. Its records concentrate in Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria. It is listed as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List.
Life cycle
From seed to productSeed & germination
The plant is propagated mainly by **seed**: sow fresh or pre-treated seed in loose, moist soil and keep it evenly damp; germination follows within a few weeks.
Seedling & growth
Seedlings establish, forming leaves and roots; growth rate depends on light and moisture.
Flowering
The plant blooms with **small yellow cones, spring**; pollination is by insects and wind.
Fruiting & harvest
After flowering the plant sets fruit and seed; **red ripe cones harvested for seed in summer**.
Distribution & origin
Share of recorded occurrences by region- Spain79%
- Portugal4%
- Morocco2%
- Algeria1%
- Italy1%
- Tunisia1%
- Greece1%
- Other regions11%
Conservation
Ephedra fragilis is a Least Concern species on the IUCN Red List.
References
- 1Ephedra fragilis — Wikipedia — Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0), 2026
- 2GBIF — occurrence records of Ephedra fragilis — GBIF, 2026
- 3IUCN Red List — Ephedra fragilis — IUCN, 2024
- 4Hình ảnh — Wikimedia Commons (6 ảnh, giấy phép CC/PD) — Wikimedia Commons, 2026