Ber
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) is a small thorny tree of the buckthorn family; its oval fruit ripens yellow to reddish-brown, crisp and sweet-tart — eaten fresh, candied, dried or used medicinally.
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Overview
Ber is a small tree or shrub 3–10 m tall with usually thorny branches; its oval leaves have toothed margins, a glossy upper surface and three prominent veins. Small greenish-yellow flowers grow in axillary clusters. The drupe is spherical to oval, 2–5 cm long, green and crisp when unripe, ripening to glossy yellow-orange to reddish-brown; the flesh is crisp white and sweet-tart with one hard stone.
Ber originated in South and Southeast Asia and is grown throughout the dry tropics; in Vietnam it is cultivated mainly in the central and southern regions. The fruit is eaten fresh, candied, dried, made into jam or juice; the leaves and roots are used in folk medicine (sedative, digestive), and the wood for carpentry. It tolerates drought well and suits arid areas.
Life cycle
From seed to productGrafting
Propagated by **grafting**: use a vigorous rootstock and compatible scion, grafting buds or branches at the start of the growing season.
Callus & sprouting
The graft union calluses within 2–4 weeks and the scion buds break.
Growth & flowering
The plant blooms with **small yellow-green flowers, April–June**; pollination is by insects and wind.
Maturity & harvest
Foliage dies back and reserves move into the underground storage organ; **fruits ripen October–February**.
Distribution & origin
Share of recorded occurrences by region- India35%
- Vietnam20%
- Others45%
Chemical composition
Relative content in agarwood resin- Vitamin CAntioxidant40%
- Dietary fibreSupports digestion30%
- FlavonoidsMild sedative30%
Uses
- Eaten fresh or candied
- Dried, jam, juice
- Leaves and roots in folk medicine; wood for carpentry
Properties
- Taste
- Crisp, sweet-tart
- Value
- Rich in vitamin C and fibre
Habitat & conservation
Dry tropics, drought-tolerant, sun-loving; survives poor soils.
Conservation
Widely cultivated; not threatened.
References
- 1Kew Science – Plants of the World Online: Ziziphus mauritiana — Kew (Plants of the World Online), 2026
- 2Wikipedia – Ziziphus mauritiana — Wikipedia, 2026
